Gabapentin Uses and Side Effects

What is gabapentin? Gabapentin is a prescription medication that works by calming overactive nerve activity. It’s mainly used to treat nerve pain, seizures, restless legs, and sometimes anxiety, chronic cough, or migraines.

Unlike traditional painkillers or cough suppressants, gabapentin targets nerve signals to reduce irritation.

Who Takes Gabapentin?

Gabapentin is commonly prescribed for people with:

Nerve Pain

If you’ve had shingles, you might develop long-term burning or stabbing pain. Gabapentin helps calm those irritated nerves. It’s also used for diabetic neuropathy, where high blood sugar damages nerves, causing tingling or pain in the hands and feet. Sciatica and other pinched nerve issues may also be treated with gabapentin.

Seizures (Epilepsy)

Gabapentin helps stabilize electrical activity in the brain to prevent seizures and often used alongside other anti-seizure medications.

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

If you struggle with uncontrollable leg movements at night, gabapentin can help your legs relax, making it easier to sleep.

Chronic Cough (Neurogenic Cough)

Some people have a persistent, dry cough that doesn’t respond to typical treatments. This can be due to nerve hypersensitivity rather than lung problems. It calms the irritated nerves in the throat that are triggering the cough. It’s used when other treatments (like allergy meds, acid reflux meds, or inhalers) haven’t worked.

I have been taking gabapentin for a Neurogenic Cough - one pill, three times daily - so far it's the only thing that has helped my cough. I was taking this 3 times a day but tapered off to twice a day (I don't like the side effects) and it is still helping the cough. 

Anxiety or Mood Issues (Off-Label Use)

Doctors prescribe it for anxiety, especially when other treatments aren’t effective. It may also help with chronic stress-related nerve pain.

Someone Going Through Alcohol or Drug Withdrawal

Gabapentin can ease withdrawal symptoms from alcohol, opioids, or other substances, helping people feel more comfortable as they recover.

Fibromyalgia or Chronic Pain

Some doctors may use gabapentin to reduce the widespread pain and tenderness that fibromyalgia patients experience.

Migraines (Sometimes)

While not a first-choice medication for migraines, some doctors prescribe it to prevent migraines if other treatments aren’t effective.

How Do You Take Gabapentin?

Doctors will typically start with a low dose and gradually increase it to minimize side effects. It’s typically taken once to three times a day, with or without food. It works best when taken at the same times every day - setting a reminder can help! This is so true - I have set noisy reminders on my phone to help me remember to take my dose.

How Long Do You Take Gabapentin?

It depends on what it’s treating!

• Shingles pain: A few weeks to a few months.
• Chronic nerve pain, seizures, or anxiety: Months to years.

If you stop taking it, don’t quit suddenly! You’ll need to taper off gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Side Effects of Gabapentin

Most people tolerate it well, but side effects can include:

• Feeling sleepy or drowsy (so don’t drive until you know how it affects you).
• Dizziness or feeling lightheaded.
• Weight gain or mild swelling in your hands or feet.
• Mood changes (rare, but some people feel more irritable or sad).

If you notice any serious side effects, talk to your doctor!

There are times when I take gabapentin and - not kidding - I feel really woozy (almost high-like). Almost always after taking a pill, my husband says my eyes look glazed over (like I'm stoned) and my eyes just feel weird. I also feel sleepy and have gained some weight.

Who Should Avoid Gabapentin?

Gabapentin may not be the best option for:

• People with severe kidney disease (dose adjustments might be needed).
• Those who are allergic to it (rare but possible).
• If you have depression or mood disorders, let your doctor know - gabapentin can sometimes affect mood.

Important Things to Know About Gabapentin

These may be listed above but these are important facts about gabapentin.

Gabapentin may cause:

Vision Issues

Gabapentin can cause eye-related side effects in some people, including:

• Blurred vision
• Double vision (diplopia)
• Eye strain or difficulty focusing

These side effects are listed in the prescribing information and are relatively common, especially when starting the medication or increasing the dose. Some people may also experience dizziness or loss of coordination, which can contribute to vision issues or make eye discomfort feel worse.

If you’re experiencing blurred vision or eye strain with gabapentin, let your doctor know - especially if the symptoms don’t go away or start to get worse. Don’t stop the medication abruptly, as that can cause withdrawal symptoms. If the side effects are mild, your body might adjust within a week or two, but your doctor may also decide to adjust your dose or switch you to something else if the issues continue.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Stopping gabapentin suddenly can lead to symptoms like anxiety, nausea, sweating, and trouble sleeping. It’s important to taper off gradually under your doctor’s guidance to avoid these effects.

Drowsiness

One of the more common side effects of gabapentin is drowsiness or feeling a bit groggy, especially when you're just starting out or if your dose increases. Some people also report feeling lightheaded, dizzy, or mentally foggy. Because of that, it’s a good idea to avoid driving, using power tools, or doing anything that requires full focus until you know how your body handles it. For most folks, this side effect settles down after a little while, but if it sticks around or feels too strong, talk to your doctor. They may be able to adjust the dose or timing to help smooth things out.

Drug Interactions

• Opioids (like oxycodone or morphine) can increase drowsiness and breathing issues.
• Antacids (Tums, Maalox) can make gabapentin less effective - take gabapentin at least 2 hours after antacids.

Mood Effects (Rare but Important)

• Some people experience irritability, depression, or suicidal thoughts. Report any mood changes to your doctor.

It’s Sometimes Used for Sleep

• Since gabapentin calms the nerves, some doctors prescribe it off-label for insomnia, especially in people with pain or anxiety.

It Comes in Different Forms

• Available as capsules, tablets, and liquid for those who have trouble swallowing pills.

It Can Be Misused

• While not an opioid, some people misuse gabapentin for sedative effects, especially when combined with other drugs.
• Some areas have classified it as a controlled substance due to potential misuse.

Takes Time to Work

• Gabapentin doesn’t provide instant relief - it may take days to weeks to feel full effects, especially for nerve pain.

Gabapentin is a helpful medication for nerve pain, seizures, restless legs, chronic cough, and more, but it’s not an instant fix - it takes time to work. If prescribed, take it exactly as directed and be patient. If you ever feel like it’s not working or you have concerns about side effects, your doctor can help adjust your dose or find alternatives.

In short, it's like a supportive friend for your nerves, helping to calm them down so you can feel better.